Pinealon

Also known as Glu-Asp-Arg (EDR)

A synthetic tripeptide (Glu-Asp-Arg) investigated in neurobiology, aging, cellular stress, and gene-regulation research.

Regulatory status: Investigational / research peptide
Pinealon is not an approved medicine. It is studied as a short synthetic peptide in experimental neurobiology.
Half-life: Reliable human pharmacokinetic half-life not established.
Commercial peptide-vendor claims are not used as a pharmacokinetic source on this page.
Route: Parenteral and oral routes described in experimental literature
Research use / investigational only.
Evidence: Multiple randomized controlled trials in humans

Mechanism of action

Research on short peptides such as Pinealon proposes interaction with cellular gene-expression pathways and modulation of neuronal responses to oxidative and metabolic stress. Published mechanisms come predominantly from in-vitro and animal models; a validated human mechanism of action has not been established.

Pinealon (EDR)Cellular / gene-expression signalingNeuronal stress response

Studied and reported uses

Cognitive research
Investigated for potential effects on age-associated cognitive function. Human data are limited and mostly from a small research base.
Neuroprotection research
Animal and in-vitro studies have examined neuronal responses to metabolic, hypoxic, and oxidative stress.
Aging research
Pinealon has been studied within gerontology-related short-peptide research programs.
Gene regulation
In-vitro research has investigated possible interactions of short peptides with gene-expression pathways.

Dosing information

Clinical research informationNo established human dosing regimen exists.

Study protocolsReported protocols vary by model and route (dose used in that study, not a recommended dose).

Ranges are reported from literature and clinical labeling for reference only. They are not a dosing recommendation.

Published research has used different experimental protocols depending on the compound, formulation, route, indication and study design. These study protocols should not be interpreted as established clinical dosing recommendations.

Important pharmacology

Short-peptide research context

A substantial proportion of Pinealon research originates from a relatively limited number of investigators, and independent replication remains limited.

Evidence-type separation

Neuroprotective findings reported for Pinealon are largely in-vitro and animal. They should not be presented as demonstrated human neuroprotection.

Side effects

Human adverse-event data limited
Tolerability not well characterized

Human safety data are sparse; a detailed adverse-event profile cannot be responsibly stated from available evidence.

Research evidence

Neuroprotection in experimental models

Animal / In Vitro: preclinical studies suggest reduced neuronal damage under hypoxic and oxidative stress conditions.

Gene-expression studies

In Vitro: research has examined short-peptide interactions with DNA and transcriptional regulation.

Cognitive-aging studies

Human Clinical (limited): small studies within the same research programme report cognitive measures; independent replication is limited.

Overall evidence position

Review: the human evidence base is small and concentrated among few investigator groups.

Scientific references

Peptide regulation of gene expression: short peptides and cell function
Khavinson VKh, et al.
PubMed-indexed peptide-regulation research
In VitroPubMed
Neuroprotective effect of EDR peptide in models of oxidative stress
PubMed-indexed preclinical neuroscience studies
AnimalPubMed
Pinealon and neuronal survival under hypoxia
Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine (PubMed-indexed)
In VitroPubMed
Short peptides in gerontology research
PubMed-indexed reviews of peptide bioregulators
ReviewPubMed